Does the mere thought of going to work give you anxiety? Have you ever felt the sudden, strange, anxious feeling in the pit of your stomach when Sunday night comes around? What about the racing thoughts that keep you from a good night’s rest?
If any of this sounds familiar, you may be experiencing work anxiety. Work anxiety can hit you at any age, regardless of the type of work you do. Bringing awareness to anxiety in the workplace is vital to a healthy relationship with work.
In this article, I’ll take you on a deep dive into understanding work anxiety and why it affects you. I’ll also give you some practical ways to manage your symptoms. Let’s get started!
Understanding Work Anxiety: More Than Just Job Stress
Some common symptoms of work anxiety include:
- Overwhelmed feelings when working or thinking about work
- Irritability during work hours
- Missing important deadlines due to feelings of apprehension
- Worrying excessively about upcoming work events or presentations
- Difficulty concentrating on work
- Decreasing performance in the workplace
- Anxiety symptoms arise only in relation to work
- Procrastination
- The feeling of doom or gloom that hits when the new work week begins
The National Alliance on Mental Illness states that 40 million people suffer from anxiety disorders. It is important to differentiate between work anxiety and an anxiety disorder. Whereas work anxiety only occurs when working or thinking about work, anxiety disorders tend to occur across many areas of life.
Common causes of work anxiety:
- Unrealistic Expectations – You may be creating work anxiety due to unrealistic expectations or perfectionistic standards. These standards may relate to performance or even work satisfaction. Expectations are sometimes the result of individual thinking and sometimes the result of company culture. Societal expectations such as hussle culture and other toxic working styles can also lead to work anxiety.
- Fear of failure – As a major project deadline looms, you might experience fear of failure. As you play out situations in your head, the anxiety builds up by picturing yourself failing to meet the expectations of your boss and coworkers. You might further exacerbate the anxiety by thinking about the implications of such failure on your loved ones.
- Loss of motivation – You might slow down on productivity or find yourself avoiding key tasks. More subtle motivation problems may show up as problems with time management such as spending too much time on nonessential tasks.
- Burnout – This can cause you to feel exhausted, leading to stagnation and overwhelm.
- Negative mood – You may feel hopelessness, restlessness, have frequent mood swings, worry constantly, or feel irritable.
- Focus problems – You may lack concentration, experience memory loss, and lose interest in work.
- Trouble sleeping – You may have trouble sleeping which may further exacerbate performance problems.
- Procrastination – While procrastination can initially feel like a welcome relief to those with work anxiety, it can lead to long-term feelings of overwhelm.
- Physical symptoms – Can include muscle tension and digestive complaints such as an upset stomach, headaches, sweating, fatigue, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, skin problems, and insomnia.
Psychological Symptoms of Work Anxiety
- Intense fear – This may present as a general fear around a catastrophic outcome such as being fired.
- Constant worrying – Mental habits such as worry can create stagnation, procrastination, and the inability to complete deadlines or assignments.
- Avoidance – This can manifest in different ways such as isolating yourself, avoiding meetings, missing deadlines, or calling in sick.
Should You Inform Your Boss About Your Anxiety?
The decision to tell your boss about work anxiety can be a difficult one. One factor to consider is The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This safeguards individuals from discrimination due to a disability such as a mental health disorder. The act covers employment actions such as hiring or firing. Under the ADA, you’re entitled to ask for accommodations in the workplace.
According to the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), examples of reasonable accommodations can include:
- Schedule modification
- Position reassignment
- Workplace accessibility accommodations
- Modification of training procedures
- Providing job aiding equipment/devices
In order to get accommodations under the ADA, you must have a documented impairment that is substantial. The EEOC specifies: “A substantial impairment is one that significantly limits or restricts a major life activity such as hearing, seeing, speaking, walking, breathing, performing manual tasks, caring for oneself, learning, or working.”
In addition, you must be qualified to do your job in terms of education, experience, and the ability to perform your fundamental duties. Furthermore, your employer must have a minimum of 15 employees to be covered under this law.
What if work anxiety is just too much to handle?
If you find that work anxiety is so severe that it is impossible to perform your job duties, taking leave under the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) can be an option to consider. If you are eligible for taking FMLA, you can get 12 weeks of unpaid leave with job protection and continued insurance coverage from your employer.
According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website, you must have “a serious health condition” which makes it impossible to perform your essential job duties. Work anxiety is covered provided you and your employer meet the requirements.
Requirements include having worked at your company for at least 1,250 hours within the previous 12 months. Employers have to be covered under the act by meeting requirements such as employing at least 50 people within a 75 mile radius.
You can download the paperwork from the U.S. Department of Labor website.
Self-Applied Coping Strategies
Implementing coping strategies is one of the most effective ways to manage work anxiety. Here are a few self-applied coping strategies to help you with work anxiety.
- Setting Boundaries is a very effective way to reduce work anxiety. Healthy boundaries can protect your mental health while improving your ability to set goals to reach deadlines, finish projects, and stay on schedule. Examples of healthy boundaries might be: setting limits on working hours, saying no to working evenings and weekends, and evaluating your workload and project deadlines for feasibility. Self-boundaries might include: monitoring how you spend your time, minimizing distractions, cutting out social media or phone usage, and minimizing off-topic social interactions.
You may or may not have the necessary autonomy in your job to implement these boundaries. If they are not feasible, you can think about what boundaries you can implement to improve your work-life balance, increase productivity, and make your workload more manageable. This may require delegation and/or negotiation with your colleagues.
- Understand Your Anxiety: knowing your triggers can help you stay ahead of the game. For example, suppose headaches or neck/body tension are common triggers for your anxiety. In this case, learning a skill like progressive relaxation can help you mitigate stress.
- Mindfulness Practice: Mindfulness can help you lessen the signs of work-related stress and anxiety when you practice breathing exercises or short meditation sessions, as suggested in a publication from The American Journal of Medicine. Mindfulness involves embracing and observing situations without judgment while promoting acceptance and openness. This has been found to reduce stress and anxiety with daily practice.
- Chunking Down Tasks (breaking them into manageable steps): Sometimes, work anxiety is the result of feeling overwhelmed with a big project or task. There are many advantages to chunking down tasks. For example, manageable, bite-sized tasks can be accomplished more quickly and with less psychological resistance. Because the task is small and manageable, you’ll tend to procrastinate less. Chunking can be a great way to plan projects through time. After you have chunked a project down, you can plan your own milestones ahead of the actual deadlines. This can lower anxiety because if something goes wrong, you have built in an extra time cushion. A big part of effective chunking has to do with knowing your limits and working within them on a daily basis. Using your calendar, staying on schedule, and making adjustments as needed can prevent the need for the last-minute crunch.
- Another factor to consider is multitasking. Remember that multitasking can lead to overwhelm. Completing one task at a time can reduce anxiety and give you a heightened sense of mastery over your work.
- Diet and Exercise: Fueling your body with fresh whole foods and avoiding processed sugar creates balance for optimum mental health. Exercise can help strengthen muscles, and reduce stress and reduce anxiety. Exercise also releases endorphins which improves your overall sense of wellbeing.
- Sleep Regimen: Lack of sleep tends to worsen anxiety. It can lead to serious health problems like anxiety, depression, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other health disorders. You should get enough quality rest to reduce your stress levels. While it can be tempting to cut down on sleep in the name of productivity, this is an unsustainable practice which creates more anxiety. Also, cutting back on caffeine can improve your ability to perform effectively at work. Some ways to improve your sleep are to listen to music, have low lighting before bed, use blackout curtains to give the room a dark setting, and avoid blue light emitted from electronics at least an hour before bed. It is important to note that completing a mindless task, such as folding clothes before bed can help you fall asleep sooner.
- Cutting Out Negativity such as Impostor Syndrome is one of the top ways to manage work anxiety. Impostor syndrome is the persistent fear of being exposed as a fraud. Even if no evidence supports this notion, you may continue to believe this negative self-talk. Such self-talk may make you work beyond your limits or cause procrastination. Nearly every professional experiences imposter syndrome from time to time. Begin addressing it by recognizing these thoughts and shifting towards empowering and optimistic ones. For example, swap “This is impossible for me to handle” with “Every challenge is an opportunity for growth.” Through changing your thinking, you can lower anxiety levels and pave the way for mental clarity and self-assurance in your professional endeavors.
- Developing Meaningful Support: Building a support system is crucial for cultivating a positive outlook on life and personal growth. This may mean talking to friends and family about what you’re going through, becoming more active in your church or community, joining a support group for professionals with anxiety, or working on any weak job skills that may be contributing to work anxiety – such as giving presentations.
Effective Treatments and Strategies for Combating Work Anxiety
- Medication could be considered as an option to address a work anxiety. Anxiety medications function by boosting certain brain chemicals such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines to promote relaxation and alleviate stress levels, effectively creating a sense of well-being and balance within the mind.
- Anxiolytics play a supportive role in achieving equilibrium in brain function, which can beneficially influence your overall health and wellness. Through medication intake, your mood can be better regulated, leading to potential improvements in managing work-related anxiety. Your healthcare provider is equipped to assist you in symptom management. However, you might also consider therapy.
Therapy for work anxiety
- An alternative approach to coping with anxiety is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). This type of therapy centers on adjusting patterns by utilizing mindfulness techniques and embracing acceptance strategies as elements for change. ACT involves six core processes: aligning actions with values, focusing on self-thoughts and feelings, accepting and encouraging living in the moment, promoting self-awareness, supporting dedicated actions, and encouraging reflection on thought processes. Engaging in ACT practices effectively combat workplace anxiety by addressing thoughts and emotions to alleviate tension in settings.
- Another valuable strategy to effectively manage work anxiety is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). It helps you not only identify the patterns of behavior that are causing you anxiety but also helps in changing negative thoughts. It focuses on the present, not the past. Your therapist will help you through practical methods like challenging anxious thoughts, tracking negative thoughts and behaviors, helping you analyze and understand your anxiety, reframing your thoughts, combating anxiety through journaling, encouraging daily actionable steps, and applying relaxation skills.
Moving Forward in Overcoming Work Anxiety
Work anxiety can feel overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to control your life. By understanding the causes, recognizing the signs and symptoms, and applying effective coping strategies, you can manage your work anxiety and create a healthier, more balanced relationship with your job.
Remember, you’re not alone in this—many people experience work anxiety, and there’s no shame in seeking help or making changes to protect your mental health. After all, your well-being is just as important as your work, if not more so.
Knowing when added support is needed can prevent work anxiety from becoming a severe mental health concern. When work impacts your physical well-being and coping skills are not alleviating your anxiety, seeking professional help should be considered.
Take the right actions to improve your symptoms, relationships, and lifestyle today. Schedule a consultation and talk to a therapist about your work anxiety.
References:
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- American Psychological Association. (2014, July 1). Coping with Stress at Work. .https://www.apa.org/topics/healthy-workplaces/work-stress.
- Anxiety & Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Work Stress & Anxiety Disorders Survey. https://adaa.org/workplace-stress-anxiety-disorders-survey.
- Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, et al. Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(4):411-435.
- Harvey AG. A transdiagnostic approach to treating sleep disturbance in psychiatric disorders. Cogn Behav Ther. 2015;44(4):296-310.
- Holford P. Optimum Nutrition for the Mind. Basic Health Publications; 2008.
- Mayo Clinic. (2018, May 4). Anxiety Disorders. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anxiety/symptoms-causes/syc-20350961
- Mayor S. NICE advocates computerized CBT. BMJ. 2006;332(7540):504. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7540.504-b.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1388153
- National Institute of Mental Health. (2024, April). Anxiety Disorders. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders.
- Shafir, H. (2024, May 7). CBT for Anxiety: How It Works & Examples. https://www.choosingtherapy.com/cbt-for-anxiety.
- Shafir, H. (2023, May 24). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): What It Is & How It Works. https://www.choosingtherapy.com/acceptance-and-commitment-therapy.
- Stark, A. (2021, September 20). Smarter Workplace Awareness Month Week 4: Highlighting Employee Health, Well-Being, Wellness, and Safety. https://www.siop.org/Research-Publications/Items-of-Interest/ArtMID/19366/ArticleID/5392/Smarter-Workplace-Awareness-Month-Week-4-Highlighting-Employee-Health-Well-Being-Wellness-and-Safety.
- U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (n.d.). The ADA: Your Employment Rights as an Individual With a Disability. https://www.eeoc.gov/publications/ada-your-employment-rights-individual-disability
- U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). Family and Medical Leave Act. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla